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[53] tested the rate of pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in lung tissue of eleven patients with COPD and ten patients with non-COPD squamous cell lung cancer, measured the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor (mtTFA) mRNA and protein and methylation of the mtTFA promoter

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Combined with the e-cigarette revolution, HNB gives the prospect of a policy and consumer environment where tobacco harm reduction plays an even bigger role, and smokers who reject an abstinence-only, quit-or-die message aren't left out in the cold

If you don't mind the daily craving for nicotine and simply want to reduce the health risks , then switching to e-cigarettes or another alternative makes perfect sense